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peer reviewed · Frontiers in Psychology (2026) · Jul 21, 2026

AI Avatars in Education: Effects on Knowledge Acquisition, Academic Motivation, and Cognitive Load

Elaheh Bakhtiari, Giorgio Mario Grasso

In plain English

A controlled study with 48 university students compared a human-like AI avatar tutor built on Unity 3D, Convai and GPT-4o against self-directed online instruction. The avatar group scored higher on a 20-item knowledge test (mean 10.63 versus 8.92) and showed a more favourable shift in academic motivation, while perceived cognitive load did not differ between groups. The cognitive-load result matters most for practitioners: the common worry that an animated presenter distracts from the material did not show up here, though the sample is small and the comparison is against no instructor rather than a human one.

pedagogical agents
learning outcomes
cognitive load
motivation
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